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Operating systems

I love using macOS as my personal OS.

And I like NixOS and it's nix package manager. illumos is interesting too.

MIT OS Engineering (with code) & Making a RISC-V Operating System using Rust courses are great. Many more nice resources can be found here.

xv6-riscv in Rust is nice read.

Unikraft is awesome fit for serverless edge deployments. It would be great for sqld to run on top of Unikraft and Firecracker for insanely fast suspend/resume cycle to support instantenous scale to zero and back.

Interesting OSes

  • MirageOS - Library operating system that constructs unikernels. (Docs) (Docs code) (mirage-solo5) (The road ahead for MirageOS in 2021) (MirageOS 4.0) (HN) (Examples of simple MirageOS apps)
  • QubesOS - Reasonably secure operating system. (Lobsters) (First Impressions) (HN)
  • Plan 9 (Plan 9 C Compiler for RISC-V) (Talk)
  • Fuchsia
  • DahliaOS - Modern, secure, lightweight and responsive operating system, combining the best of GNU/Linux and Fuchsia OS. (GitHub) (HN) (Pangolin Desktop UI) (ISO releases)
  • Redox - Unix-like Operating System written in Rust. (Web) (Kernel Code)
  • Toddler - Well-designed usable and portable microkernel OS.
  • OS67 - Unix-like toy kernel.
  • SerenityOS - Graphical Unix-like operating system for x86 computers. (Web) (Year 3 in review) (HN) (HN) (Interview with Creator) (HN)
  • Resea - Microkernel-based hackable operating system. (Implementing Resea GUI)
  • Rux - Hobbyist microkernel written in Rust, featuring a capability-based system similar to seL4.
  • redshirt - Experiment to build some kind of operating-system-like environment where executables are all in WASM and are loaded from an IPFS-like decentralized network.
  • Spectrum OS - Declarative, reproducible, compartmentalized Linux. (Developer manual) (Discussions) (HN)
  • mikado - RISC-V Experimental OS.
  • mkernel - Minimalist kernel which prints "my first kernel" on the screen and then hangs. (HN)
  • Barebones - Barebones multiboot kernel for beginners.
  • xv6 - Re-implementation of Dennis Ritchie's and Ken Thompson's simple, Unix-like teaching operating system. (PDF) (HN) (HN) (Lobsters) (xv6 explained) (Course) (HN)
  • xv6 for RISC-V
  • Orange Slice - Research kernel and hypervisor attempting to get fully deterministic emulation with minimum performance cost.
  • Cloud Hypervisor - Open source Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) that runs on top of KVM.
  • RancherOS - Tiny Linux distro that runs the entire OS as Docker containers.
  • Bottlerocket OS - Free and open-source Linux-based operating system meant for hosting containers.
  • XNU kernel - Part of the Darwin operating system for use in macOS and iOS operating systems.
  • Haiku - Open-source operating system that specifically targets personal computing. (HN) (Haiku Community)
  • Pebble - Microkernel and userspace written in Rust, with first-class message passing.
  • seL4 microkernel (Article) (HN) (Web)
  • Barebones amd64 kernel built using 9front
  • RustyHermit - Rust-based, lightweight unikernel.
  • Distaff - Zero-knowledge virtual machine written in Rust.
  • zCore - Reimplement Zircon microkernel in Rust.
  • 9front (Lobsters)
  • lilith - POSIX-like x86-64 kernel and userspace written in Crystal.
  • Genode - Operating System Framework.
  • Shrine - TempleOS distro for heretics.
  • Subgraph OS - Desktop computing and communications platform that is designed to be resistant to network-borne exploit and malware attacks. (Handbook)
  • Mezzano - Operating system written in Common Lisp. (HN)
  • Collapse OS - Bootstrap post-collapse technology. (HN) (Web)
  • LegoOS - Disseminated, Distributed OS for Hardware Resource Disaggregation.
  • CuBitOS - General-purpose, formally-verified, 64-bit operating system in SPARK/Ada for x86-64.
  • Demikernel - Library operating system architecture designed for use with kernel-bypass I/O devices.
  • Drone - Embedded Operating System for writing real-time applications in Rust. (drone-core) (CLI)
  • Manticore - Research operating system, written in Rust. (Web)
  • CyanOS - x86 monolithic kernel operating system, coded in C++ 17 and few lines of x86 Assembly.
  • ChaiOS - Modular multi-platform hobby OS. Hybrid kernel, largely monolithic. Kernel C library is dynamically linked.
  • Tails - Portable operating system that protects against surveillance and censorship. (Intro)
  • EmuTOS - Free operating system for Atari ST computers, and more. (Web)
  • HalideOS - Experimental operating system written entirely from scratch. It supports a basic shell with some commands including a command line calculator.
  • Biscuit - Monolithic, POSIX-subset operating system kernel in Go. (HN) (Code)
  • illumos - Unix operating system which provides next-generation features for downstream distributions, including advanced system debugging, next generation filesystem, networking, and virtualization options. (Rise and Development of illumos) (Full disk space on an illumos VM)
  • Managarm - Pragmatic microkernel-based OS with fully asynchronous I/O. (Fully Asynchronous OS Based on Modern C++ - Alexander Grinten (2020))
  • EggOS - Go unikernel running on x86 bare metal. (HN)
  • KnightOS - Third-party operating system for TI calculators.
  • eduOS-rs - Teaching operating system written in Rust. (Web)
  • Stupid Operating System - Simple, tiny toy OS implemented in Rust.
  • Theseus OS - New OS written from scratch in Rust to experiment with novel OS structure, better state management, and how to shift OS responsibilities like resource management into the compiler. (HN)
  • TempleOS - Talk to God on up to 64 cores. (Web) (TempleOS on real hardware)
  • CactusOS - Simple operating system that is aimed to not be anything like linux.
  • Zephyr - New generation, scalable, optimized, secure RTOS for multiple hardware architectures. (Docs)
  • Cosmos - Operating system "construction kit". Build your own OS using managed languages such as C#, VB.NET, and more. (Web)
  • MollenOS - Modern operating system that is built with focus on abstraction and a modular design.
  • Azure RTOS ThreadX - Advanced real-time operating system (RTOS) is designed specifically for deeply embedded applications.
  • HelenOS - Portable microkernel-based multiserver operating system written from scratch. (Web) (HN)
  • Pure Rust x86_64 bootloader and kernel
  • bootloader - Experimental x86 bootloader written in Rust and inline assembly.
  • Cyjon - Simple, clean, multi-tasking operating system written in pure assembly language for 64-bit processors from the AMD64 family.
  • Contiki - Open source operating system that runs on tiny low-power microcontrollers.
  • OSv - Modular unikernel designed to run applications securely on micro-VMs . (Code) (HN) (HN 2)
  • Rumprun - Uses rump kernels to provide the Rumprun unikernel. Rumprun works on not only on hypervisors such as KVM and Xen, but also on bare metal.
  • Rump Kernels - Enable you to build the software stack you need without forcing you to reinvent the wheels.
  • mOS - Unix-like operating system developed from scratch and aims to POSIX compliant.
  • pdp7-unix - Project to resurrect Unix on the PDP-7 from a scan of the original assembly code.
  • core-os-riscv - xv6-like operating system on RISC-V with multi-core support.
  • rCore - Rust version of THU uCore OS. Linux compatible.
  • dgOS
  • Eltanin - Free, simple, and complete general-purpose operating system.
  • skiftOS - Simple, handmade, operating system with a graphical user interface. (Web)
  • ChrysaLisp - Parallel OS, with GUI, Terminal, OO Assembler, Class libraries, C-Script compiler, Lisp interpreter and more. (HN)
  • Pluto - x86 kernel written in Zig.
  • LeOS Kernel - Kernel project for operating system for ARM 64bit (AArch64) written in Rust. (Web)
  • RustyHermit - Rust-based, lightweight unikernel. (Article)
  • Jehanne - Simple operating system. (Web)
  • Mimosa - Operating system consists of a minimal kernel built on C++ and Scheme.
  • daintree - ARMv8-A operating system, plus a UEFI bootloader, all written in Zig.
  • AROS - Lightweight, efficient, and flexible desktop operating system. (HN)
  • M3 - Microkernel-based system for heterogeneous manycores.
  • vanadinite - RISC-V OS written in Rust.
  • Tetris-OS - Operating system that only plays Tetris. (HN) (Video)
  • Helium - BSD-based OS project that aims to provide an experience like and some compatibility with macOS.
  • Harvey - Distributed operating system. (Web)
  • TypOS - Operating system for typechecking processes.
  • KolibriOS - Tiny yet incredibly powerful and fast operating system. (HN)
  • Kerla - Monolithic kernel in Rust, aiming for Linux ABI compatibility. (HN) (Writing a Linux-compatible kernel in Rust) (HN) (Lobsters)
  • rustboot - Tiny 32 bit kernel written in Rust.
  • mycelium - Hobby OS in Rust.
  • WINIX OS - UNIX-style Operating System for the Waikato RISC Architecture Microprocessor. (HN)
  • Aquila OS - Complete Operating System (kernel + system) that is designed to be POSIX compliant and mostly ISA transparent. (Web)
  • FuzixOS - Because Small Is Beautiful.
  • Mongoose - Small toy OS with no memory protection. (Lobsters)
  • Node Replicated Kernel - Research OS kernel for x86-64 (amd64) machines written in rust. (Web) (Book)
  • Multics - Pioneering operating system, commonly considered the "progenitor" of the UNIX operating system. (Code)
  • Tilck - Tiny Linux-Compatible Kernel. (HN)
  • Airyx OS - BSD-based OS project that aims to provide an experience like and some compatibility with macOS. (Code) (HN) (Lobsters) (HN)
  • Lemon OS - UNIX-like 64-bit operating system written in C++. (Code)
  • Pumpkin OS - x64 port/re-implementation of PalmOS. (Lobsters)
  • SteinsOS - Operating system featuring non-preemptive single-threaded kernel targeting on armv8.
  • EmbassyOS - Graphical operating system for running self-hosted software. (Web)
  • Singularity - Microsoft’s Experimental OS. (HN)
  • Tupai Kernel
  • Deus - Portable kernel written in Rust.
  • Funk - Functional kernel written in OCaml.
  • liumOS - Toy operating system which supports NVDIMM natively.
  • Tofita - All-new kernel for the Greentea OS.
  • RISC-V OS in Rust
  • RedLeaf - Research operating system developed from scratch in Rust to explore the impact of language safety on operating system organization.
  • Kwast - Rust operating system running WebAssembly as userspace in ring 0.
  • seL4 Core Platform - Simple operating system for the seL4 microkernel.
  • opuntiaOS - Operating system targeting x86 and ARMv7.
  • Genesis - Minimal OS written in Jack.
  • Nanos - Kernel designed to run only one application in virtualized environment. (HN) (Code)
  • ZealOS - Modernized, professional fork of the 64-bit Temple Operating System.
  • GrapheneOS - Private and secure mobile OS. (GitHub)
  • Florence OS - Renaissance of Operating Systems in Zig.
  • BRUTAL - Operating system inspired by brutalist design that combines the ideals of UNIX from the 1970s with modern technology and engineering. (Code)
  • Embox - Modular and configurable OS for embedded applications.
  • TinyOS - Open source, BSD-licensed operating system designed for low-power wireless devices.
  • ZygOS - Achieving Low Tail Latency for Microsecond-scale Networked Tasks.
  • IX - Protected dataplane operating system project. (Web)
  • Minimal bare metal kernel in Swift
  • Cleese - Functioning operating system written almost entirely in Python.
  • Tifflin - OS kernel written in rust. Non POSIX.
  • Vinix - Modern, fast, and useful operating system in the V programming language.
  • Aero - Experimental, Unix-like OS written in Rust.
  • MuditaOS - Mobile operating system optimized for E Ink displays.
  • Essence - Desktop operating system built from scratch. (HN) (Code)
  • Twizzler - Research operating system designed to explore novel programming models for new memory hierarchy designs.
  • Phantom - Persistent Operating System. (HN)
  • xv7 - Operating System in 100% Pure Rust.
  • gokvm - KVM based tiny x86 hypervisor written in pure Go, which can boot Linux.
  • rkernel - Minimal x86_64 Rust OS kernel.
  • ValkyrieOS - UNIX-like hobby kernel built from scratch in C++20.
  • etheryal Kernel - Open Source Rust kernel; Runs WASM and WASI as lightweight containers.
  • Stardust Oxide - Rust-based Unikernel. (Reddit)
  • Lua RTOS - Real-time operating system designed to run on embedded systems, with minimal requirements of FLASH and RAM memory.
  • Inferno - Small operating system for building cross platform distributed systems. (HN)
  • Makatea - Qubes-like OS on seL4.
  • MOROS - Obscure Rust Operating System.
  • House - Haskell Operating System. (Video)
  • Zen - Experimental operating system written in Zig.
  • My first OS built from scratch
  • owlOS - Free UNIX-like operating system written in Rust.
  • ScratchOS - Basic operating system written in Scratch3.
  • CrabOS - Hobby operating system written in Rust.
  • WasabiOS - Web browser + OS in Rust.
  • MnemOS - Small operating system in Rust.
  • zigux - Attempt to write a (semi) functional OS in Zig.
  • Lyre - Effort to write a modern, fast, and useful operating system.
  • Novusk - Kernel written in Rust inspired by Linux.
  • camellia - Experimental, work-in-progress, microkernel based on some of my ideas for privilege separation.
  • Xous Core - Microkernel operating system.
  • Osmium - Operating System written in Rust on RISC V.
  • Octox - Unix-like operating system inspired by xv6-riscv. (HN)
  • KotOS - 64-bit x86 operating system written in C/C++.
  • elsOS - Functional italo-alsatian toy-kernel in rust, for x86.
  • Glazier - Operating system integration layer infrastructure layer intended for high quality GUI toolkits in Rust.
  • EuraliOS - Hobby x86-64 operating system written in Rust.
  • LakeOS - L4-like micro-kernel OS written in Rust.
  • BetaOS - Operating system written in Swift.
  • HellOS - Bare bones "hello world" i386 kernel written in Zig.
  • ArceOS - Experimental modular OS written in Rust.
  • Felix OS - x86 operating system. (Reddit)
  • aerugo - Safety-critical applications oriented Real-Time Operating System written in Rust.
  • R9 - Plan 9 operating system in Rust. (HN)
  • EspressOS - Espresso operating system.
  • FaruOS - Simple Unix-like operating system written in Zig.
  • Ares - Base of the system is the Helios microkernel. (Lobsters)
  • Fomos - Experimental OS, built with Rust. (HN) (Lobsters)
  • rxv64 - MIT's xv6, in Rust, for SMP x86_64 machines. (HN)

Notes